Small mammal keratoacanthomas are a type of skin tumor that occur in rodents and lagomorphs. These tumors usually appear as a raised, round bump on the skin, but can also be found in internal organs such as the lungs and kidneys. They are typically benign, however they can become cancerous if left untreated.
Keratoacanthomas arise from the hair follicles and can appear anywhere on the body. They can vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. The tumor is usually composed of a thick, central core covered by a layer of keratinized cells.
These tumors are usually painless and grow slowly over time. In some cases, they can become ulcerated or infected. Treatment typically involves surgical removal or topical medications.
Keratoacanthomas are more common in certain breeds of small mammals, including guinea pigs, hamsters, and rabbits. They can also occur due to environmental factors such as sunlight exposure and exposure to certain chemicals. In some cases, the cause is unknown.
Symptoms of Small Mammal Keratoacanthomas
The most common symptom of small mammal keratoacanthomas is a raised, round bump on the skin. The tumor can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter, and can be accompanied by pain or itching. These tumors are usually painless, but can become infected or ulcerated if left untreated. Other symptoms can include:
- Weight loss
- Lethargy
- Appetite loss
If you notice any of these symptoms in your pet, it’s important to see a veterinarian right away.
Diagnosing Small Mammal Keratoacanthomas
Diagnosing small mammal keratoacanthomas typically involves a physical exam and laboratory tests. Your veterinarian could also use radiographs or CT scans to get a better view of the tumor and surrounding tissues. A biopsy might be necessary in some cases to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is usually based on the size, location, and type of tumor.
Stages of Small Mammal Keratoacanthomas
Stage 1
Tumor is less than 5 mm in diameter and located on their skin.
Stage 2
Tumor is between 5-10 mm in diameter and located on their skin or internal organs.
Stage 3
Tumor is larger than 10 mm in diameter and located within an internal organ.
Treating Small Mammal Keratoacanthomas
Treating small mammal keratoacanthomas usually involves surgical removal or topical medications. In some cases, the tumor will be monitored to see if it regresses on its own. Radiation therapy can also be used in some cases. It’s important to make sure that any residual cancer cells are removed during treatment to avoid recurrence.
Preventing Small Mammal Keratoacanthomas
Small mammal keratoacanthomas can be prevented by taking certain precautions. It’s important to keep the animal’s environment clean and free from potential toxins or irritants that can contribute to the development of these tumors. Sunlight exposure should also be limited, as this can increase the risk for developing skin tumors. It’s important to monitor any changes in the animal’s skin and get medical attention if any abnormalities are noticed.